Vaccines And Its Effects On Children - 1400 Words

Vaccines have changed the life of children with making some illnesses obsolete. The majority of parents are making sure that their children get vaccinated against potentially serious diseases. The parents that get their children vaccinated are trying to prevent the reoccurrence of these deadly illnesses. The problem arises when you have these children that have not been vaccinated around children not of age to get the vaccine for a particular disease. The older children get the disease and give it to the unprotected younger child. Children are the most important thing you are given. These vaccines were not created to hurt your child. These vaccines were created so that your child does not die from these illnesses like other have in the past before the creation of the vaccines. Parents have their reasons for not vaccinating that children and I commend them for taking a stance against the vaccines if they truly believe they will harm their child. I wish these parents would also homeschool their children and stay at home with them when they are young. These children are susceptible to getting diseases or giving diseases to children that are not in their control. Not everything I believe should happen will though. Vaccination coverage for most childhood diseases has been at 90% while the rotavirus vaccine is only at approximately 70%. As parents; you want to do what is best for your children. For most parents, that includes giving them their vaccines when they should haveShow MoreRelatedVaccines And Its Effects On Children1404 Words   |  6 Pagesadverse reactions from the vaccines? Today, there are many vaccines, they are in such high demand that even a simple flu has a vaccine. Vaccines are created to protect us. The main function of vaccines it to build our immune system and fight against many bacterias. However, adverse reactions have become severe over the last couple of years, leaving some parents with no child. Therefore, parents shouldn’t be punished for not vaccinating their children because, vaccines can cause many adverse reactionsRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1503 Words   |  7 Pagesawful diseases, while that is the last thing on most of the worldâ€℠¢s minds now. Vaccines have transformed human life. Parents should vaccinate their children because it saves lives, the vaccines are safe, and the risks of not vaccinating can harm children more than the vaccines themselves. Vaccines were created in 1796 by Edward Jenner, an English scientist. Edward Jenner formed the Royal Jennerian Institute when vaccines became more popular, but experienced some opposition towards it because of peopleRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1339 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, there are many vaccines invented by different scientists. Vaccines are so much in demand that even a simple flu has a certain vaccine. They have been invented to protect us. Its main function is to build our immune system and allow it to work against different kinds of bacteria. However instead of helping us fight against infection and certain diseases, vaccines can be the main cause of infection and diseases. Because of its live-attenuated organism, which means the pathogens were partiallyRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1010 Words   |  5 PagesVaccines Debates have risen lately whether or not to vaccinate children. Although vaccines potentially cause negative side effects, they are a common procedure for most families each year. Over time, several case studies have developed highlighting these side effects and raised concern about whether or not to accept vaccines. However, many people are not familiar with the typical vaccine and what it actually does once inside the body. â€Å"A vaccine is consisted of killed or weakened versions of aRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1325 Words   |  6 Pages Vaccines are essential to a person’s everyday life and well-being. A person who sneezed in their hand just touched the same door handle that everyone else does. Most people don’t worry that they touched the same item or breathe the same air as someone else because the risk of them contracting a disease such as polio, or diphtheria are extremely low because most people are vaccinated against such diseases. Without the creation of vaccines the population of the world could be completely eliminatedRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children1463 Words   |  6 Pagesnot until 1796 when Edward Jenner revolutionized medical technology, with the first record of vaccines. Vaccines have diminished these diseases going from very common to little or none. Setting requirements on vaccines will not assist the reduction or eliminate them, but will also protect our youth from the wide-spread variety of deadly diseases. Multiple individuals do not truly understand what vaccines are and their true benefits and advantages of receiving them. When an individual gets ill,Read MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children914 Words   |  4 PagesVaccines have saved millions of lives since they were first invented hundreds of years ago. But, they continue be a much debated topic among doctors and parents. Their benefits are often disputed because of so-called dangers related to their administration. Although vaccines are extremely effective, parents still have the power to decide if their children will receive them or not. As a result of parents choosing to not vaccinate their children, others may become ill and government spending increasesRead MoreVaccines And Its Effects On Children992 Words   |  4 Pages Vaccines, while known as the painful occurrence at the physicians visits of your childhood, are responsible for eradicating many of the deathly diseases of the past. While no child likes being stuck wi th a needle, guaranteed immunity to certain life altering diseases is worth the slight prick. Recent movements regarding vaccines has shed a negative light on vaccines, and if they continue to grow attention, may bring back some of the diseases that were the initial issue. Vaccines are a very helpfulRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccines And Its Effect On Children915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Vaccines Having a baby utterly changes the perspective of the parent. They no longer are self- involved, but now have this new life they brought into the world. Nothing else can give a person the same joy that being a parent can bring. A parent would do anything for their child to protect them and give them the best life imaginable. A parent would never wish an illness upon their child and would do everything in their power to prevent their child from getting sick. With havingRead MoreChildhood Vaccines And Its Effects On Children1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussed and debated about whether or not people should vaccinate their children. â€Å"Childhood vaccines offer protection from serious or potentially fatal diseases† (The Mayo Clinic, 2014)†. Vaccinations prevent diseases that can affect a child with symptoms of a cold or in some cases, the disease can be much more serious and can cause disability and death. The problem is that parents are choosing not to vaccinate their children against them. With choosing against vaccinating a child becoming a common

Basic Tenets of Animal Rights

Animal rights refers to the belief that animals have an intrinsic value separate from any value they have to humans  and are worthy of moral consideration. They have a right to be free from oppression, confinement, use and abuse by humans. The idea of animal rights may be difficult for some people to fully accept. This is because, throughout the world, animals are abused and killed for a wide variety of socially acceptable purposes, though what is socially acceptable is, of course, culturally relative. For example, while eating dogs may be morally offensive to some, many would react similarly to the practice of eating cows.   At the heart of the animal rights movement are two basic principles: the rejection of speciesism, and the knowledge that animals are sentient beings. Speciesism Speciesism is the disparate treatment of individual beings, based solely on their species. It is frequently compared to racism or sexism. Whats Wrong With Speciesism? Animal rights is based on the belief that treating a non-human animal differently just because the animal belongs to a different species is arbitrary and morally wrong. Of course, there are differences between human and non-human animals, but the animal rights community believes that those differences are not morally relevant. For example, many believe that humans have some cognitive abilities that are different from or higher than other animals, but, for the animal rights community, cognitive ability is not morally relevant. If it were, the smartest humans would have more moral and legal rights than other humans who were deemed intellectually inferior. Even if this difference were morally relevant, this trait does not apply to all humans. A person who is profoundly mentally retarded does not have the reasoning capabilities of an adult dog, so cognitive ability cannot be used to defend speciesism. Arent Humans Unique? The traits that were once believed to be unique to humans have now been observed in non-human animals. Until other primates were observed making and using tools, it was believed that only humans could do so. It was also once believed that only humans could use language, but we now see that other species communicate verbally in their own languages and even use human-taught languages. In addition, we  now know that animals have self-awareness, as demonstrated by the animal mirror test. However, even if these or other traits were unique to humans, they are not considered morally relevant by the animal rights community. If we cannot use species to decide which beings or objects in our universe deserve our moral consideration, what trait can we use? For many animal rights activists, that trait is sentience. Sentience Sentience is the ability to suffer. As philosopher Jeremy Bentham wrote, â€Å"the question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?† Because a dog is capable of suffering, a dog is worthy of our moral consideration. A table, on the other hand, is incapable of suffering, and is therefore not worthy of our moral consideration. Although harming the table may be morally objectionable if it compromises the economic, esthetic or utilitarian value of the table to the person who owns or uses it, we have no moral duty to the table itself. Why is Sentience Important? Most people recognize that we should not engage in activities that cause pain and suffering to other people. Inherent in that recognition is the knowledge that other people are capable of pain and suffering. If an activity causes undue suffering to someone, the activity is morally unacceptable. If we accept that animals are capable of suffering, it is therefore morally unacceptable to cause them undue suffering. To treat animal suffering differently from human suffering would be speciesist. What is Undue Suffering? When is suffering justified? Many animal activists would argue that since humans are capable of living without animal-based foods, living without animal entertainment and living without cosmetics tested on animals, these forms of animal suffering have no moral justification. What about medical research? Non-animal medical research is available, although there is quite a bit of debate over the scientific value of animal research versus non-animal research. Some argue that results from animal experimentation are not applicable to humans, and we should conduct research on human cell and tissue cultures, as well as human subjects who provide voluntary and informed consent. Others argue that a cell or tissue culture cannot simulate a whole animal, and animals are the best available scientific models. All would probably agree that there are certain experiments that cannot be done on humans, regardless of informed consent. From a pure animal rights standpoint, animals should not be treated differently from humans. Since involuntary human experimentation is universally condemned regardless of its scientific value and animals are incapable of giving voluntary consent to an experiment, animal experimentation should also be condemned. Maybe Animals Dont Suffer? Some might argue that animals do not suffer. A 17th century philosopher, Rene Descartes, argued that animals operated like clocks—intricate machines that have instincts, but do not suffer or feel pain. Most people who have lived with a companion animal would probably disagree with Descartes’ assertion, having observed the animal first-hand and watched how the animal reacts to hunger, pain, and fear. Animal trainers are also aware that beating an animal will often produce the desired results, because the animal quickly learns what needs to be done in order to avoid suffering. Isnt the Use of Animals Justified? Some may believe that animals suffer, but argue that animal suffering is justified in certain instances. For example, they may argue that slaughtering a cow is justified because that slaughter serves a purpose and the cow will be eaten. However, unless that same argument applies equally to the slaughter and consumption of humans, the argument is based in speciesism.

Essay New Coke - 1970 Words

Table of Contents Topics Page No. 1. Introduction 1 2. The Reformulation 2 3. How had the Coca-Cola management got it so wrong? 3 4. Were there less drastic alternatives? 5 5. Understanding your Loyal Customer 6 6. Conclusion 7 Reference 8 1. Introduction Coke was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist and his three-legged brass pot all the way back in 1886; by 1985 Coke was closing in fast on its centennial anniversary. (Cook, 2002) Coke along with the legendary chairman Roberto C. Goizueta had witnessed a remarkable set of accomplishments during the 1980s. There were some creeping problems, however. The 87-year old rivalry between Coca-Cola, the†¦show more content†¦3. How had the Coca-Cola management got it so wrong? The one central mistake in Coca-Colas decision to change the formula was maximization. When Goizueta became chairman in 1981, he was determined to be the chairman of change. His aggressive attitude helped reinvigorate what had become a sluggish company. Goizueta started shattering tradition early in his tenure. Putting the sacred Coke name on a new product for the first time, he had introduced diet Coke in 1982 followed by another new product Cherry Coke in early 1985. (Bastedo Davis, 1993) Goizueta had moved the company aggressively and successfully into new fields, buying Columbia Pictures in 1982. (Bastedo Davis, 1993) Goizueta and the other executives were getting caught up in the success of their previous changes and decided to make one grand decisive move to recapture the soft-drink market they were losing to Pepsi. Cokes only deviation from the standard sequence in market research was that the quantitative survey of individuals appears to have been done before rather than after the focus groups. The results of the focus-group phase and the survey conflicted. Although both the focus groups and the survey had provided indications that there would be consumer dissatisfaction, the survey results indicated that this dissatisfaction would be limited to a small segment of the market; the focus groups suggested the dissatisfaction would be widespread. The researchers trustedShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Introducing New Coke Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesCase study analysis 1 Introducing New Coke Yue Yang (Rose)  Introduction Coca-Cola, as the leading brand in the world, has the highest position in soft drink industry. Its outstanding product â€Å"Coke† has been won the heart of everyone. However, in this case, we realize that they had a failed attempt at introducing the new product called New Coke in 1985. Firstly, the author introduces the history of the Coca-Cola; and how the brand is successfully developing into the most popular brand andRead MoreEssay about Introducing the New Coke2308 Words   |  10 PagesHBR Case Study: â€Å"Introducing New Coke† 1. What is the case about? This case study is the story of Coca-Cola, its history and the report about one of the most fascinating stories about the company this is still regarded by many as a mysterious case: â€Å"the introduction of the new Coke†. The author Susan Fournier, in the case study went on by presenting the history of the Coca-Cola Company: how the company started and how throughout its history it became a brand, a part of everyone’sRead MoreNew Coke Failure3901 Words   |  16 PagesFailure of New Coke Wright State University MKT 3500 - 01 Marketing Research By Nicole Fore Taylor Gilliam Ashley Hatton John Petry Abstract During the 1980’s Coca-Cola was faced with a potentially company killing problem. They were losing market share quickly to their competitors. Pepsi was stealing a portion of the younger generation with their advertising campaign, and they proved that consumers liked Pepsi better with the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge.† To combat their falling market share Coke decidedRead MoreCoca Cola s New Product Concept Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagestaste of Coke was going to be changing for the first time in 99 years (Coca-Cola, 2012). (The formula had previously been changed, but the flavor of the drink was considered the same [Klein, 2015]). This landmark change came in the midst of increasing competition with Pepsi, who had rebranded themselves as a more â€Å"youthful† brand decades prior, and soon after taste tests that indicated that consumers preferred a sweeter formula, akin to Pepsi’s main product (Bhasin, 2016). Not long after New Coke’sRead MoreCase Analys is : New Coke1130 Words   |  5 PagesCase Analysis: New Coke Situation Analysis Founded in 1892, the Coca-Cola Company is known to have created the â€Å"world’s best-selling soft drink.† However, in the 1970s, Coca-Cola was rivaled by Pepsi-Cola, a competitor offering a substitute product. Coca-Cola had been winning the war for over 87 years when consumers began to prefer Pepsi-Cola’s product. Even loyal Coca-Cola consumers admitted to desiring Pepsi over traditional Coke. These confessions, combined with Pepsi’s own research findingsRead MoreIntroducing New Coke Essay616 Words   |  3 Pagescase of Coca-Cola changing their well established Coke formula and introducing an new one in 1985 for the purpose of gaining more market share; the reason why such decision was made by Coke’s executives was mainly because of a series of marketing campaign conducted by their major arrival - Pepsi. During mid 1970s, Pepsi has ran a the famous â€Å"Pepsi Challenge† of blind taste tests on all the commercials to show that the majorit y preferred Pepsi than Coke based on its teste. By 1977, Pepsi had exceededRead MoreCase Discussion Questions Coca Cola1023 Words   |  5 PagesWhy do you think that Roberto Goizueta switched from a strategy that emphasized localization towards one that emphasized global standardization? What were the benefits of such a strategy? Roberto Goizueta, a Cuba immigrant who became the CEO of Coke in 1981, switched from a strategy that emphasized localization ( which focuses on increasing profitability by customizing the firm’s goods so that they provide a good match to tastes and preferences in different national markets)to one that emphasizedRead MoreThe Real Lesson of New Coke5544 Words   |  23 PagesThe Real Lesson of New Coke: The Value of Focus Groups for Predicting the Effects of Social Influence By Robert M. Schindler n April 1985, the management of Coca-Cola Co. announced its decision to change the flavor of the cotnpany s flagship brand. The events that followed from this decision, as well as the faetors which led up to it, have been reviewed, discussed, and extensively analyzed in the popular press, the trade press, and in marketing textbooks. Two books and at least two marketingRead MoreNew Coke: A Brand Failure3865 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿NEW COKE: A BRAND FAILURE 1 Analyze the ad agency Coke uses or if done in-house; how does Coke devise its IBP? Integrated Brand Promotion involves the blend and utilization of versatile communication tools that convey messages to consumers regarding the brand. (Thomas C. O Guinn, 2011). It is a unique, distinctive strategy that aims to embed the brand in the mind of the customer. In order to understand the integrated brand promotion strategy of Coca Cola, it is of crucial essence to delve intoRead MoreCompetitive Advantage, Product Leadership, And Customer Intimacy818 Words   |  4 Pages(Ferrell, 2011). Continually, organizations like Coca Cola, 3M, and Microsoft work to gain ground against their competitors by routinely reinventing themselves. Just think about the changes Coca Cola has made in the last 25 years, such as New Coke, Coca Cola II, and Coke Classic all in an attempt to maintain market leverage. Customer Intimacy is a result of a company focusing on the customer causing an affection for the company, which in turn creates a relationship and mutual admiration (Kryszak, 2012)

Movie Analysis Korean Horror Films - 1785 Words

Korean horror films are unique in that regardless of space and time many have Confucian ideals emphasizing family relationships embedded within their story. One of the most prominent qualities revealed through various KOFA screenings, which showcase prominent Korean films from various decades, is that many of the films hail their roots from Korean folklore and ghost stories. Korean horror did not truly develop until the 1960’s, although the first ghost story can be traced to 1924 with The Story of Jan-hwa and Hong-ryon. However, due to the Korean film industry’s evolution under Japanese occupation from 1910 to the end of the Second World War it is difficult to accurately document its development. Films during this period often contained propaganda in support of the Japanese government and artistic films were often blocked from production (Paquet, 8). It wasn’t until the industrialization and rapid Westernization of South Korea that the film industry reached its G olden Age. A Tale of Two Sisters produced during this time showcases the departure from the folktale based on new cultural or historical contexts affecting the original story’s portrayal. Particularly what influenced certain elements to endure in audience appeal and others to dissipate not only during cross-cultural adaptions but also across generations within the same culture? While the West was gaining success in the 1980’s with its Hollywood â€Å"slasher† films, the Korean horror period is often forgotten. It wasn’tShow MoreRelatedThe Act Of Killing By Joshua Oppenheimer1497 Words   |  6 PagesMovie productions produce an extensive range of exclusive films to engage the audience in their film-making process and creation. A customized amount of movies deliberately contain a theme of social unrest. The creation of such film is mainly accomplished by recreating the occurrence and presenting it in a similar perspective, making it available to their current or future audience. However, what are the motives filmmakers desiring to produce a reenactment film regarding social unrest and how doesRead MoreMovie Review : Falls Short Of Expectations 1407 Words   |  6 PagesWhen creating a movie about Neo-Nazis living in Los Angeles, one might expect there to be violence. Indeed, American History X; directed by Tony Kaye is a film just abo ut that subject and absolutely gives the viewers watching it an immense amount of violence. There have been critics like Peter Travers; movie critic from Rolling Stone Magazine, for instants, who have gone on to praise the film and even calling it â€Å"An explosive, scorched-earth drama.† They explain how the film was powerful and importantRead MoreReasons Why Filipinos Love Koreanovelas3837 Words   |  16 PagesKoreanovelas are a hit in the Philippines. Background of the Study Korean dramas have become popular throughout Asia and have contributed to the general phenomenon of the Korean wave or also Known as Hallyu (Eckersley, 2009). Asianovelas get the attention of the Filipinos since ABS CBN aired Meteor Garden in 2003. A year later, GMA 7 started to air Koreanovelas like Stairway to Heaven and Endless Love which gained the most popular Korean drama that time. On the other hand, ABS CBN aired Lovers in ParisRead MoreSacrifice And Saving Private Ryan4254 Words   |  18 Pagesworldwide gross is $481,840,909 with over half that just from the domestic US market alone. Not only was this film a financial success, it is also critically acclaimed. The film has won 79 awards; five of those are Oscars, and another 62 nominations for just about every category that there is to be nominated for. More recently Saving Private Ryan was awarded a place on the National Film Presentation Board in 2014. (IMDB) World War II has always fascinated me. Growing up, I used to watch The HistoryRead MoreA View from the Bridge: Story of a Brooklyn Longshoreman6101 Words   |  25 Pagesmovement trying to clean up the corruption on the Brooklyn waterfront: Out of it would come a movie script (never to be produced); a play, A View from the Bridge; and a trip to Hollywood, where I would meet an unknown young actress, Marilyn Monroe, and at the same time come into direct collision with the subterranean machine that enforced political blacklisting and the ideological disciplining of film writers, actors, and directors (149). Miller’s distillation of that period provides a convenientRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagessituations, but keep in mind that the larger case studies, such as Convin Corporation and The Blue Spider Project, could have been listed under several topics. Several of the cases and situations have seed questions provided to assist the reader in the analysis of the case. An instructor s manual is available from John Wiley Sons, Inc., to faculty members who adopt the book for classroom use. Almost all of the case studies are factual. In most circumstances, the cases and situations have been taken fromRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagessetting their own pace), workers can be pushed to perform at higher levels—levels that they may have thought were beyond their reach. Charlie Chaplin captured this aspect of mass production in one of the opening scenes of his famous movie Modern Times (1936 ). In the ï ¬ lm, Chaplin caricatured a new factory employee ï ¬ ghting to work at the machine-imposed pace but losing the battle to the machine. Henry Ford also used the principles of scientiï ¬ c management to identify the tasks that each worker shouldRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageslooking at alternative actions that can be taken, then considering the probable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on ColumbusRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesmain issues inï ¬â€šuencing the competitive position of a number of organisations in the same industry with a relatively short case. For a case that permits a more comprehensive industry analysis The Pharmaceutical Industry could be used. However, if the purpose is more focused – illustrating the use of ‘ï ¬ ve forces’ analysis – the TUI case study or Illustration 2.3 on The Steel Industry could be used. Some cases are written entirely from published sources but most have been prepared in cooperation withRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/Ford

School wide positive behavior support Free Essays

string(79) " and staff to admit those pupils who are acting harmonizing to these outlooks\." For the past 28 old ages, LAKE Academy ( once known as LifeStream Academy ) has served kids and striplings with emotional upsets and behavioural challenges as referred by the School Board of Lake County ( LCSB ) . LAKE Academy is housed at two sites within Lake County and serves a sum of 110 Emotional/Behavioral Disabled and Emotionally Handicapped ( EBD/EH ) pupils, 45 Alternate Education ( AE ) pupils, and 80 Alternate Disciplinary Program ( ADP ) pupils. LAKE Academy was formed as a charter between LifeStream Behavioral Center, a Mental Health Hospital and Lake County School Board. We will write a custom essay sample on School wide positive behavior support or any similar topic only for you Order Now LAKE Academy is under contract to keep a teacher/student ratio of 1:11 in the Emotional/Behavioral Disabled and Emotionally Handicapped ( EBD/EH ) plan ; a teacher/student ratio of 1:15 will be maintained in the Alternate Education plan. The instructor to student ratio in the Alternative Disciplinary Program schoolroom will average one instructor to twenty pupils. Recently, the Lake County School Board charter contract with Lake Academy added the No Child Left Behind Act enfranchisement demand. All instructors are required to demo annually advancement towards capable country and/or Exceptional Education Certification. However, LifeStream Behavioral Center, the employer, pays on the norm of 10 dollars less per hr with no planning period or responsibility free tiffin. In add-on, this school requires frequent and sometimes drawn-out restraint of pupils which frequently risks hurt to staff. Purpose of Study Traditionally, schools have used reactive, punitory schemes in an effort to discourage pupils from unwanted behaviours. These effect based behavior systems have been proven uneffective. The Families and Advocates Partnership for Education provinces that â€Å" harmonizing to over 500 research surveies, penalty is one of the least effectual responses to job behaviours. School-wide policies that punish pupils for negative behaviours but that do n’t honor positive behaviours really increased aggression, hooliganism, hooky, tardiness, and dropping out of school † ( FAPE Research Brief, p. 1 ) . We need to believe more about our pupils and learn them how to act and larn, within a system that is positive and collaborative. â€Å" What is needed is a systemic, proactive attack that seeks to forestall disputing behaviours from developing while comprehensively turn toing the demands of all kids on the continuum of hazard for disputing behaviours † ( Dunlap, Lewis, A ; McCart, p. 1 ) . Over the last 10 old ages, research workers have been looking at the effects of positive behaviour intercessions. These constructs were foremost used in particular instruction scenes. â€Å" PBS was developed ab initio as an option to aversive intercessions that were used with pupils with terrible disablements who engaged in utmost signifiers of self-injury and aggression † ( OSEP, ND, p. 1 ) . More late, this attack has been successful in regular instruction scenes every bit good. Researchers George Sugai and Rob Horner from Oregon, funded by the U. S. Office of Special Education Programs ( OSEP ) have formed a collaborative including universities and educational bureaus with the end to â€Å" help provinces in large-scale execution of School-wide Positive Behavior Support to accomplish both decrease in job behaviour and enhanced larning environment † ( OSEP Brochure, p. 1 ) . One survey, by Bradshaw, Leaf and Debnam ( 2007 ) paperss a randomised control test conducted in Maryland in which execution of school-wide positive behaviour support ( SWPBS ) was demonstrated to happen with fidelity, and to be linked to improved organisational wellness, improved academic results, and decreases in office subject referrals. ( Horner A ; Sugai, 2007, p. 8 ) A reappraisal of the incident information for both campuses last twelvemonth showed that the Leesburg campus had 299 incidents that were caused by 70 pupils. Sixteen pupils had 5 or more incidents for a sum of 203 or 68 % . 55 % of all incidents were Acting Out ( 51 % AO A ; 4 % AO, with hurt ) 31 % of all incidents were assaults. The Eustis campus saw 120 incidents that were caused by 47 pupils. 9 pupils had 5 or more incidents for a sum of 64 or 53 % 56 % of all incidents were Acting Out ( 44 % AO A ; 12 % AO, with hurt ) 21 % of all incidents were assaults. Lake Academy keeps making the same thing and expects different consequences. The school must switch from a reactive and aversive attack to pull offing job behaviours to one that is preventative and positive. Lake County Schools introduced Positive Behavior Support in several schools last twelvemonth. One school saw a about 50 % decrease in subject referrals. The Academy already has A? of the PBS work done with the Leveled Behavior Modification Program. Literature Review Definitions/ Background of PBS School-wide positive behaviour support ( SWPBS ) can be defined as â€Å" a systems attack for set uping the societal civilization and behavioural supports needed for a school to be an effectual acquisition environment for all pupils † ( Sugai, 2008, presentation slide 9 ) . SWPBS is a more proactive option to reactive, punitory behaviour direction processs. Administrators, instructors, and staff work collaboratively to better the school clime by learning behavioural outlooks and societal accomplishments for all scenes within the larning community. Positive support is used to admit pupils who are exhibiting the expected behaviours. For pupils who are non reacting to the given outlooks, there is a continuum of intercessions designed to suit the demands of the person. Cardinal Elementss of PBS The chief elements of the PBS theoretical account include â€Å" a prevention-focused continuum of support, proactive instructional attacks to learning and bettering societal behaviours, conceptually sound and through empirical observation validated patterns, systems change to back up effectual patterns, and experimental determination devising † ( Sugai A ; Horner, 2002, p. 2 ) . Prevention. There are three degrees of bar used in SWPBS. â€Å" Primary bar focal points on diminishing the figure of new instances of a job behaviour or state of affairss by guaranting and keeping the usage of the most effectual patterns for all pupils † ( p. 2 ) . This degree of bar is used with all pupils, school-wide in all scenes. Students are taught the behavioural outlooks and societal accomplishments for usage in all countries of the school. Positive support is used by instructors and staff to admit those pupils who are acting harmonizing to these outlooks. You read "School wide positive behavior support" in category "Essay examples" The end of secondary bar is to cut down the figure of bing job behaviour instances or state of affairss by supplying extra instructional and behavioural supports for the comparatively smaller figure of pupils who are at hazard of important school failure and who need more specialised supports than those provided by primary bar attempts. ( Sugai A ; Horner, 2002, p. 2 ) In these instances, intercessions are used to back up these persons in following the behavioural outlooks established in the school. The concluding type of bar, â€Å" third bar focal points on cut downing the figure of bing instances of complex, intractable, and long-standing job behaviours displayed by pupils who are at high hazard for important emotional, behavioural and societal failure † ( Sugai A ; Horner, 2002, p. 2 ) These pupils require more individualised and intensive intercessions, including the usage of functional behavioural analysis and other informations aggregation to find the best manner to back up them. Proactive Approach. The 2nd cardinal component of PBS is that the attack taken by the instructors and staff is proactive instead than reactive. At the beginning of the twelvemonth or at the start of a new activity, behaviour guidelines are taught explicitly and reinforced so that all pupils know what is expected of them. This attack is characterized by a careful consideration of instructional patterns, constructions and procedures for ( a ) maximising academic results ; ( B ) selecting and learning school-wide and classroom-wide outlooks, regulations and modus operandis ; and ( degree Celsius ) practicing and promoting the usage of academic accomplishments and behavioural outlooks across multiple relevant scenes and contexts ( Sugai A ; Horner, 2002, pp. 2-3 ) . Students are taught societal accomplishments and given schemes for covering with other pupils, such as struggle declaration and how to react to being harassed or bullied. It is besides made clear to pupils when they should seek aid from an grownup in a given state of affairs. Sound Practices. Many of the constituents of PBS come from the pattern of Applied Behavior Analysis ( ABA ) , which has been â€Å" refined, tested, and replicated to organize an of import disciplinary attack for turn toing socially of import concerns in instruction, particularly bettering behavioural results for single pupils † ( Sugai A ; Horner, 2002, p. 3 ) . PBS focuses on two specific methods used in ABA: functional behavioural appraisal and behaviour intercession programs. Functional behavioural appraisals are used to roll up informations about the variables associated with job behaviours, such as â€Å" scene, ancestor, and effects. † This information is used to make behavior intercession programs, which â€Å" focal point on the strengths and of import societal contexts of the pupil and household and do job behaviour ineffective, inefficient, and irrelevant so that more desirable or adaptable behaviours can be encouraged † ( Sugai A ; Horner, 2002, p. 3 ) . Systems Perspective. A big portion of the PBS attack is the fact that it is used school-wide. Having the systems set up throughout the school scenes is important to the successful execution of these patterns. This involves ongoing preparation and coaching of instructors and staff to guarantee that there is consistence throughout the school. â€Å" Systems supports must be in topographic point to back up the accurate, efficient, and sustained usage of evidence-based patterns and informations direction systems † ( Sugai A ; Horner, 2002, p. 4 ) . Stairss for Implementation. The execution of PBS in a school involves several stairss. First, the leading squad is established. â€Å" With input from all staff, squads determine which features they will aim foremost, how advancement will be monitored, and what the behavioural outlooks will be, when and how to learn the behavior outlooks, and the type of informations that will be used to inform determinations † ( Dunlap, Lewis, A ; McCart, p. 2 ) . Next, the squad defines the behavioural outlooks for the pupils. For school-aged kids, there are normally about five guidelines used throughout the school. These are posted throughout the assorted educational scenes, utilizing linguistic communication pupils can easy understand and associate to or utilizing images or icons. ( Dunlap, Lewis, A ; McCart, p. 2 ) Once the school-wide behaviour outlooks have been determined, they must be taught to the pupils. â€Å" Expectations can be taught with a scope of schemes that include mold, pattern, function playing, and feedback in context, and a assortment of stuffs can be used to assist the instruction procedure ( e.g. books, games, marionettes, societal narratives ) † ( Dunlap, Lewis, A ; McCart, p. 2 ) . Children are taught societal accomplishments every bit good as schemes for struggle declaration. There is besides treatment about appropriate behaviours for different scenes within the acquisition community, such as the schoolroom, the hallways, the tiffin room, and the resort area. It is of import that the instruction of these outlooks is clear and consistent and that the pupils are cognizant of the effects for non following with the guidelines. After pupils have been taught the behavior outlooks, the following measure is to utilize changeless positive support to admit those pupils who exhibit the coveted behaviours. Giving the kids this feedback lets them cognize when they are on the right path and besides shows other pupils that they will be noticed if they make the right picks. â€Å" Acknowledgement of coveted behaviours is such a critical characteristic of PBS that frequently the leading squad needs to set up particular monitoring schemes to assist motivate staff to ‘catch the kids being good ‘ with a high adequate frequence † ( Dunlap, Lewis, A ; McCart, p. 3 ) . Data is used to assist the PBS squad to work out jobs and do determinations sing the actions taken to implement the plan successfully throughout the school. The squad meets to make up one’s mind what types of information they will roll up to supervise the effectivity of the systems at different degrees: school-wide, within each schoolroom, and with single pupils. One normally used step to measure the school-wide plan is to look at the figure of office subject referrals ( ODRs ) . Many schools besides use behavior incident signifiers which â€Å" papers happenings of targeted disputing behaviours, and note the type of job behaviour, the scene in which it occurred, the type of activity and any other possible triggers to the behaviour, the people involved in the activity and the effects ( if any ) that were provided following the behavioural incident † ( Dunlap, Lewis, A ; McCart, p. 3 ) . This information is collected and analyzed on a regular basis by members of the squad in their determination devising. Students who do non react to the behavioural outlooks set Forth are provided with extra intercessions, as decided by the PBS squad. â€Å" Data from behavior incident signifiers can assist squads find which kids and schoolrooms need support and what supports are appropriate † ( Dunlap, Lewis A ; McCart, p. 3 ) . Effectiveness of PBS. A survey of PBS in urban high schools analyzing PBS and its effectivity at the secondary degree was conducted over the class of 4 old ages. Overall, school-wide PBS has been associated with decreases in ODRs at this school. Although the deficiency of experimental control in the survey prohibits the ability to presume causality, during the months and old ages where school-wide PBS intercessions were implemented, ODRs declinedaˆÂ ¦ Besides, comparing baseline informations to the first twelvemonth of execution revealed that a significantly smaller figure of pupils received multiple ODRs during the execution twelvemonth in comparing with the baseline twelvemonth. ( Morrissay, 2010, pp. 30-31 ) Many other surveies have shown similar consequences, including decreases in behavior incidents, office subject referrals ( ODRs ) and suspension rates. â€Å" Recent research indicates that school-wide positive behaviour is associated with reduced exclusionary, reactive and punitory subject patterns, increased pupil satisfaction, and improved perceptual experiences of school safety † ( Putnam, Horner, A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 1 ) . Teachers report holding more clip for direction in the schoolroom because there are less behavioural distractions. There are more positive interactions between pupils and staff, which create a better environment for everyone. Legislation. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA ) was originally passed as our state ‘s particular instruction jurisprudence in 1975. Its intent is to guarantee that pupils with disablements have an equal opportunity to hold â€Å" a free appropriate public instruction, merely like other kids † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nichcy.org/idea.htm para 2 ) . The act has been revised and amended many times, and was most late reauthorized by Congress in 2004, with consequences published in 2006. The new act, IDEIA ( Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act ) , states that â€Å" school decision makers continue to hold legislative support for their usage of functional behavioural appraisal and positive behavioural intercessions and schemes for back uping kids with disablements who exhibit job behaviours † ( IDEIA, 2004, p. 2 ) . The IDEIA provides more flexibleness in support, leting schools to utilize a per centum of their financess toward i mplementing PBS. It is besides proposed that these intercessions be used school-wide, to make an inclusive acquisition community for all pupils. Congress is presently fixing to reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, known as â€Å" No Child Left Behind. † It appears that â€Å" policymakers have begun to admit that there are many non-academic factors that affect pupils ‘ school success † ( Mandlawitz, 2007, p. 1 ) . In her recent publication, Myrna Mandlawitz describes two measures that have been introduced, the Reducing Barriers to Learning Act of 2007 and the Positive Behavior for Effective Schools Act. Both of these involve the usage of school-wide positive behaviour support. On May 21, 2009, theA Positive Behavior for Safe and Effective Schools ActA ( HR 2597 ) was introduced by Representative Phil Hare ( D-IL ) .A If signed into jurisprudence, HR 2597 will better school clime and promote pupils ‘ academic success by promoting the usage of schoolwide positive behavioural supports ( PBIS ) . Research has documented that PBIS leads to better instructional clip, reduced disciplinary jobs and increased trial tonss. Harmonizing toA Rep. Hare, HR 2597 â€Å" provides schools with the flexibleness and proficient aid needed to implement, spread out, and prolong the usage of the Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports system. † The end of this measure is to see more execution of positive behaviour supports â€Å" in order to consistently make a school clime that is extremely contributing to larning, cut down subject referrals, and better academic result. They besides propose more flexibleness in the usage of Title I financess for School-wide Po sitive Behavior Supports to do it more accessible to all schools. SWPBS and Academics. â€Å" Several surveies have found relationships between academic public presentation and job behaviour across class degrees † ( Putnam, Horner A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 1 ) . â€Å" Other research has demonstrated that pupils with terrible job behaviour experienced big academic shortages as compared to typical equals. In most countries these shortages remained stable over clip † ( p. 2 ) . In many instances, behavior jobs arise because a pupil is seeking to avoid an academic undertaking. If a kid is weak in a certain country or is fighting with a undertaking, he or she may move out as an flight. For illustration, if a â€Å" pupil ‘s literacy accomplishments do non maintain gait with those of equals, academic undertakings become more aversive, and job behaviours that lead to get away from these undertakings become more likely † ( Putnam, Horner A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 1 ) . It is of import as instructors that we learn what is reenforcing our pupils for their behaviours and expression at what the map of the behaviour is. Research workers have late begun to analyze the relationship between SWPBS and academic accomplishment. With less clip and energy traveling to pull offing job behaviours, instructors have more clip available for direction in the schoolroom. â€Å" Research has systematically shown that the sum of clip that direction is provided is extremely correlated with pupil accomplishment † ( Putnam, Horner, A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 2 ) . Some surveies have besides shown increased clip on undertaking and academic battle in schools and schoolrooms utilizing PBS. â€Å" Student academic battle has been found to be correlated with improved academic achievementaˆÂ ¦In a survey of six schoolrooms that implemented behavior support programs, on-task behaviour increased by 24 % over baseline degrees † ( Putnam, Horner, A ; Algazzine, 2006, p. 2 ) . Research is besides get downing to demo that execution of SWPBS is associated with improved trial tonss. â€Å" There is increasing grounds that school-wide positive behaviour support intercessions improve standardized trial consequences † ( p. 3 ) . Methodology The Academy already has a leading squad in topographic point and a Behavior Modification plan. This undertaking will concentrate in the positive facet. The leading squad defined the cosmopolitan behavioural outlooks as Respect, Responsibility, and Safety. The undermentioned chart shows what each of these behaviours ‘ expression like: Respect Duty Safety Use appropriate and positive linguistic communication Follow staff waies Keep custodies, pess, and objects to yourself Listen when others are talking Care for your properties and clean up after yourself Walk at a safe gait Raise your manus and speak when it is your bend Give your best attempt Enter and issue in orderly lines Respect others, staff, and belongings Be prepared The leading squad so developed a usher to how the plan will work. The bell will peal indiscriminately throughout the twenty-four hours. Techs will give PBS points for pupils that are exhibiting the Expected Universal Behaviors when the bell rings ( Respect, Responsibility, and Safety ) . An excess column has been added to Daily Point Log for this trailing. Points can be turned in at the terminal of the hebdomad for school shop points. The minute the bell ringsaˆÂ ¦ the really 2nd the bell ringsaˆÂ ¦ is when the PBS point is earned. It does non count what behavior the pupil displayed two seconds ago, two proceedingss ago, or two hours ago. It does non count if the kid has non â€Å" made his twenty-four hours. † All that affairs is if he was exposing cosmopolitan behavior outlooks at the minute the bell rang. If he was, he earns the PBS point. The squad so established the regulations for the school shop. School shop will be on Friday from 1:30pm-2:30pm. Students must be escorted and supervised by their schoolroom staff. Appropriate behaviour must be demonstrated at the school shop. Students will be asked to go forth if their behaviour is unacceptable. Rules of school shop will be posted at the shop site and a transcript will be given to each schoolroom for staff to reexamine with pupils. Students must be gaining 80 points, must be dress codification compliant, and have no major moving out behaviours to go to shop. School shop will be announced on the talker and a agenda will be implemented of schoolroom times. Merely appointive staff will be allowed to run and hold entree to school shop and shall keep shop stock list. It is the duty of the schoolroom staff to track pupil ‘s points in order for them to purchase points from shop. Any staff/student that is suspected of larceny, pull stringsing points, non tracking pupil ‘s points, non leting pupils to use shop will be reported instantly to an Administrator and have a effect for their actions. There will be a suggestion box for any petitions for stock list, alterations that may be needed, or comments/concerns at the shop that will be reviewed by the PBS squad. PBS squad will supervise point/inventory relation and do necessary accommodations. The incident informations each month will be compared to the information from last twelvemonth and disaggregated by types of incident. This comparing informations will be used to measure the effectivity of the plan and to find the mark country for the 2nd grade. It is projected that the figure of incidents per month will diminish by 50 % like that of other schools in the county. How to cite School wide positive behavior support, Essay examples

Cy Twombly free essay sample

He had his first solo exhibition at the Kootz Gallery and later attended Black Mountain College. During his years of studying, he met Franz Kline, Robert Motherwell and Robert Rauschenberg. He became a pupil of Kline and Motherwell while life long friends with Rauschenberg whom he traveled around the Mediterranean with. This influenced his art into adding the vast cultures he encountered during that time. Between 1953 and 1954, Twombly joined the U. S. Army as a cryptologist that also gave him the idea to put hidden words and meanings in his pieces. Soon after he taught at Southern Seminary Junior College until finally settling down in Rome where he kept to a life of seclusion. Twombly continued to try many styles, be a part of many exhibitions, and also won the ‘Gerhard Altenbourg Prize’ in 2008. His life finally ended on July 5, 2011. Throughout Twombly’s life, he dabbled into Abstract Expressionism, Neo-Dada, Minimalism and others but was never fully a part of any movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Cy Twombly or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For these reasons, Twombly stayed as a divisive artist since almost the beginning of his art career. Throughout Twombly’s life, his style had changed numerous of times. These include his colourful and complex works from his early years in Rome such as â€Å"Ferragosto†, the simplified, geometric shaped â€Å"blackboard† paintings from his later years in Rome, the painted white abstract sculptures and more that were inspired from historical stories and myths. These include artworks such as â€Å"Cycnus† and â€Å"Vengeance of Achilles†. Lastly, many of Twombly’s pieces held hidden writings in them such as in collection of â€Å"Roses† artwork. Although it may not be noticed at first, each one has its own poem that captures different emotions in them. La vie en rose. One of his well-known pieces is â€Å"Lepanto† which was made in 2001. The materials used were acrylics, wax crayon and graphite. It is number seven in a set of twelve Lepanto works that he was commissioned to paint. The pieces were based on the great naval fight between the Catholic Europe and Islamic Ottoman Empire during the 16th century on the Gulf of Lepanto. The ship-like forms are seen as splashes of bright red and yellow that resembles cannon fire and soldiers’ torches that were used during the battle. Also the dripping effect that was achieved by either watered down acrylic or melted wax crayon gave it a ‘downward’ effect because it makes you look down the piece. The colours used varied and contrasted with each other, especially the background colour. It is most prominently seen on the top left of the piece because there is nothing on top of it so you can easily see the light blue. This contrasts with the rest of the piece of the many colours compacted on top of it such as magenta, purple, green and more. This is especially seen on the bottom right where there are multitudes of colours near each other. Doing this gives the piece a sense of unbalance between the top left and bottom right parts. Although this piece was based after the fight on the Gulf of Lepanto, many people have instead been reminded of the post 9/11 struggle between Islam and the West because of the time the piece was made. In Twombly’s only written statement about his work, he explained the intentions in his work were not to illustrate, but to have the sensation of its own realization. He would say â€Å"It’s more like I’m having an experience than making a picture,† and that each line he made was â€Å"the actual experience† of making the line. This showed that every line he would create was its own experience to him. In the later time of his life, Twombly’s art began to impact other artists such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Francesco Clemente, Anselm Kiefer and Julian Schnabel. Since Twombly’s style was not considered in the norm of his time, his art was not sought for until the latter of his life where art movements egan to move and change. Ironically, Twombly disliked this sudden fame and tried to get away, enjoying seclusion much more. Even so, his works, such as his scribbly ‘childish’ pieces, continued to influence artists, which led to the creation of the Graffiti Art and Neo-Expressionism movements. Despite Twombly’s death, his work still continues to influence many artists in the now. His unique st yle has set him apart from other famous artists during his time that has led him to be one of the most famous artists during the postmodern movement. An especially inspirational quote from him is â€Å"I sit for two or three hours and then in 15 minutes I can do a painting, but that’s part of it. You have to get ready and decide to jump up and do it; you build yourself up psychologically, and so painting has no time for brush. Brush is boring, you give it and all of a sudden it’s dry, you have to go. Before you cut the thought, you know? † The quote just goes to show that art can’t be forced. You have to let it flow at its own pace to create a piece of artwork.

Research Paper on the Recession of 2007-2009 free essay sample

Many people were left unemployed and were unable to provide for their families. There were lower class people that were already unemployed and the recession just made their situation worse. The increase on gas and food prices affected these lower class people who were surviving day by day. Even thought the middle class could be said to have stayed a little stable throughout the recession, they still had issues as well. Middle class were still employed but even the people that were in the professions of doctors and lawyers were experiencing a change in their income. They saw their incomes drop from as much as forty percent.Middle class people still had their lives in jeopardy and it was hard for them to look towards the future when their present was not so bright. The upper class may not seem to have been so affected by the recession but they were in many ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on the Recession of 2007-2009 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At one point President Obama stated that people that earned $250,000 and up were considered as upper class. He has been talking about raising taxes on upper class Americans for a while now. Upper class Americans had problems with real estate because they own multiple properties and the prices of houses had been dropping so they were not worth the same amount of money.Education has also been a problem for them because since they earn an income of $250,000 and up they have to pay for their children’s college out of pocket because they do not qualify for any type of financial aid. Since there are promises to be tax cuts for everybody except the upper class that is a huge problem too. Based on everything stated in this paragraph, it is shown that upper class is struggling just as much as the lower and middle classes are. There are no happy campers during a recession no matter how much money they have.As shown previously, the Great Recession of 2007-2009 was a major issue for the United States. Everybody was affected by it and the country is still working on getting back on its feet and making a superior economy. The recession was an issue that brought with it so many other issues like unemployment and bankruptcy. Successful businesses that were unlikely to have big downfalls fell into bankruptcy and were destroyed forever. Middle class doctors and lawyers experienced big drops in their incomes even though they work in the most needed professions.Even upper class citizens who seem to have no problems and seemed not to have been affected by the recession were affected. This shows that no matter what economic status a person is, a recession affects everybody. Even if it is a small effect or a big one like becoming homeless, everybody was affected by the Great Recession of 2007-2009. Even though the recession was terrible, it showed the citizens of the United States that the country is strong and even though there were many struggles, the country is moving up and becoming stronger. Works Cited